OUTLINE NO: 06: CONTROLLING

The system & process of controllingo Definitionso The basic control processo Critical control points and standardTypes of critical points standardsPhysical standardso Cost standardso Capital standardso Revenue standardso Program standardso Intangible standardso Goals as standardsStrategic plans...

Controlling: THE SYSTEM &PROCESS OF CONTROLLING

DEFINATIONSThere are many definitions of controlling.1. Controlling is the process of determining what is being accomplished.2. Controlling is evaluating the performance and if necessary applying correctivemeasures so that the performance takes place according to plans.3. Controlling is measurement...

Controlling: THE BASIC CONTROL PROCESS

THE BASIC CONTROL PROCESS Reviewed by Hammad Naziron Apr 01 2013 Rating: 5 The basic control process involves three steps.1. Establishing standards.2. Measuring performance against these standards.3. Correcting variations from standard and plans / correction of deviations.1. ESTABLISHING STANDARDStandards...

CRICTICAL CONTREL POINTS & STANDARDS

Standards are yardsticks against which expected performance is measured. In simpleoperation a manager may control through careful observations. But, in mostoperations this is not possible because of the complexity of the operations. Managermust choose points for special attention and then watch them...

CONTROL AS A FEED BACK and Feed forward control SYSTEM

CONTROL AS A FEED BACK and Feed forward control SYSTEM Reviewed by Hammad Naziron Apr 01 2013 Rating: 5 CONTROL AS A FEED BACK SYSTEMMany systems control themselves through information feedback, which showsdeviations from standards. A simple feedback system can be shown by figure.Any...

CONTROL TECHNIQUES: THE BUDGET

CONTROL TECHNIQUES: THE BUDGET Reviewed by Hammad Naziron Apr 01 2013 Rating: 5 THE BUDGETA widely used device for managerial control is the budget. Budgeting is the devicefor accomplishing control.THE CONCEPT OF BUDGETINGBudgeting is the formulation of plans for a given future period in numerical...

TRADITIONAL NON BUDGETORY CONTROL TECHNIQUES

TRADITIONAL NON BUDGETORY CONTROL TECHNIQUES Reviewed by Hammad Naziron Apr 01 2013 Rating: 5 There are also many traditional non-budgetary control techniques used for budgetarycontrol. The more important are1. STATISTICAL DATAStatistical analysis of an operation and the clear presentation of statistical...

TIME-EVENT NET WORK ANALYSIS

DEFINITIONTime- event network analysis is a planning & control technique. It is also called(PERT). Performance, evaluation and review technique.EXPLANATIONWhat is PERT?P- ProgramE- EvaluationR- ReviewT- TechniquesPERT is a planning and control technique through which we evaluate a program andcourses...

OUTLINE NO 05: LEADING

OUTLINE:Leading DefinitionIngredients of leadershipo Powero Fundamental understanding of peopleo Ability to inspire followerso The ability to act in mannerTrait approaches to leadershipMotivation & motivatorsSpecial motivational techniqueso Participationo Quality of working lifeAn early behavioral...

LEADING/ DEFINING LEADERSHIP

LEADINGLeading is the process of influence people so that they will contribute to organizationand group goals.DEFINING LEADERSHIPLeadership has different meanings by different authors.Leadership is influence. Leadership is the art or process of influencing people so thatthey will contribute willingly....

INGREDIENTS OF LEADERSHIP

Every group of people that performs job has same person as its head who is skilled inart of leadership. This skill seems to be a compound at least four major ingredients.1. Power2. Fundamental understanding of people.3. Ability to inspire fowler4. The ability to act in a mannerThat will develop a conducive...

TRAIT APPROACHES TO LEADERSHIP

Many studies of traits have been made various researches have identified specifictraits related to leadership ability. Five physical traits (such as energy, appearance andheight), Four intelligence and ability traits; sixteen personality traits (such asadaptability, aggressiveness, self-confidence etc)....

Motivation & Motivators:

Motivation & Motivators Reviewed by Hammad Naziron Apr 01 2013 Rating: 5 Motivation:Introduction of Motivation:Motivation is a general term applying to the entire class of drives, desire needssimilar forces. To say that managers motivate their subordinates is to say that...

SPECIAL MOTIVATIONAL TECHNIQUES:

SPECIAL MOTIVATIONAL TECHNIQUES Reviewed by Hammad Naziron Apr 01 2013 Rating: 5 SPECIAL MOTIVATIONAL TECHNIQUES:There are many motivational techniques:Some important motivational Techniques are "Money, Participation, Quality of working life"1: Money:Money is also include as important MOTIVATIONAL...

AN EARLY BEHAVIORAL MODEL:

The nature of people has been expressed in two sets of assumptions developed byDauglas Megragor and commonly known as "Theory X" and "Theory Y" Megragorchosen these terms because he wanted natural terminology. Without any connotationof being "good or bad".THEORY X ASSUMPTIONS:The traditional assumptions...

THE HIERARCHY OF NEED THEORY:

The hierarchy of need theory was presented by Maslow. Abraham Maslow sawhuman needs in the form of hierarchy, ascending from the lowest to the highest Heconcluded that when one set of needs is satisfied, this kind of need ceases to bemotivatorsTHE NEEDS HIERARCHY:The needs placed...

HIGEINE APPROCH TO MOTIVATION

HIGEINE APPROCH TO MOTIVATION Reviewed by Hammad Naziron Apr 01 2013 Rating: 5 FREDERICK HERZBERY THEORY OF MOTIVATIONNeeds theory of Maslow’s has been considering modified by Frederick Hizbery andhis associates, He grouped the concept into two factor theory of motivation. In...

JOB ENRICHMENT & JOB ENLARGEMENT:

JOB ENRICHMENT & JOB ENLARGEMENT: Reviewed by Hammad Naziron Apr 01 2013 Rating: 5 JOB ENRICHMENT Job enrichment is related to Herzberg’s theory of motivation, in which factors such as challenge, achievement, recognition, and responsibility are seen as a real motivators. Even though this...

OUTLINE NO STAFFING: 04

1. What is Staffing? 2. Define the nature and task of the manager 3. Defining the managerial job 4. The system approach to human resource management a. Aspects in the system approach to staffing i. Factors affecting the number and kinds of manager required ii. Determination of available managerial...

What is staffing?

Staffing is define as “Filling and keeping filed, positions in the organization structure” This process is done by ten concepts. 1. Identifying the work force requirements. 2. Inventorying the people available. 3. Recruiting 4. Selecting candidates. 5. Planning candidates. 6. Promoting candidate....

THE SYSTEM APPROCH TO HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

THE SYSTEM APPROCH TO HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Reviewed by Hammad Naziron Apr 01 2013 Rating: 5 Figure shows the managerial function of staffing relates to the total management. in system approach to staffing enterprise plan or organization plane become important inputs for...

OBJECTIVES & PURPOSES OF STAFFING:

OBJECTIVES & PURPOSES OF STAFFING Reviewed by Hammad Naziron Apr 01 2013 Rating: 5 OBJECTIVES & PURPOSES OF STAFFING:OBJECTIVES OF STAFFING The objective and purpose of managerial staffing is to ensure that organizational positions are filled by the qualified personnel, who are able to...

THE SELECTION PROCESS

THE SELECTION PROCESS Reviewed by Hammad Naziron Apr 01 2013 Rating: 5 Selection is the process of choosing from among the candidates, from within the organization or from the outside organization the most suitable person for the current position or for future positions. There are many steps...