Nature and purpose of planning
o The contribution of planning to purpose and objectives
o The primacy of planning
o The pervasiveness of planning
o The efficiency of plans
Types of planning
o Purpose, mission and objectives
o Strategies and policies
o Procedures and rules
o Programs
o Budget
Steps in planning
o Awareness op opportunities
o Setting objectives
o Developing performance
o Identifying alternative courses of action
o Evaluating alternative courses
o Selecting a course
o Formulating derivative plan
o Numbrising plans by making budgets
The Planning process
Management by objectives (MBO)
o Benefits of MBO
o Weaknesses of MBO
Decision making
o Rational decision making
o Steps in decision making
Quantitative & qualitative factors
Managerial analysis
