INTRODUCTION
Organization involves division of work among people whose efforts must be coordinate
To achieve specific objectives and to implement pre-determined strategies.
Organization is the foundation upon which the whole structure of management is
built? It is the backbone of management. After the objectives of an enterprise are
determined and the plan is Prepared, the next step in the management process is to
organize the activities of the Enterprise to execute the plan and to attain the objectives
of the enterprise. The term Organization is given a variety of interpretations. In any
case, there are two broad ways in which the term is used. In the first sense,
organization is understood as a dynamic process and a managerial activity which is
necessary for bringing people together and tying them together in the pursuit of
common objectives. When used in the other sense, Organization refers to the structure
of relationships among positions and jobs which is Built up for the realizations of
common objectives. Without organizing managers cannot function as managers.
Organization is concerned with the building, developing and maintaining of a
structure of working relationships in order to accomplish the objectives of the
enterprise. Organization means the determination and assignment of duties to People,
and also the establishment and the maintenance of authority relationships among
these grouped activities. It is the structural framework within which the various
efforts are coordinated and related to each other. Sound organization contributes
greatly to the Continuity and success of the enterprise. The distinguished industrialist
of America, Andrew Carnegie has shown his confidence in organization by stating
that: "Take away our factories, take away our trade, our avenues of transportation, our
money, leave nothing but our organization, and in four years we shall have reestablished
ourselves." That shows the significance of managerial skills and
organization. However, good organization structure does not by itself produce good
performance. But a poor organization structure makes good performance impossible,
no matter how good the individual may be.
The term 'Organization' connotes different things to different people. Many writers
have attempted to state the nature, characteristics and principles of organization in their own way. It can be used as a group of persons working together or as a structure
of relationships or as a process of management. Now, let us analyze some of the
important definition of organizing or organization, and understand the meaning of
organization.
ACCORDING TO SHELDON
"Organization is the process of so combining the work which individuals or groups
have to perform with facilities necessary for its execution, that the duties so
performed provide the best channels for efficient, systematic, positive and
coordinated application of available effort."
In the words of Chester I Bernard, "Organization is a system of co-operative activities
of two or more persons."
MC FERLAND HAS DEFINED
Organisation as, "an identifiable group of people contributing their efforts towards the
attainment of goals".
ACCORDING TO LOUIS A ALLEN,
"Organisation is the process of identifying and grouping the work to be performed,
defining and delegating responsibility and authority, and establishing Relationships
for the purpose of enabling people to work most effectively together in accomplishing
objectives.
ACCORDING TO NORTH WHITEHEAD
Organisation is the adjustment of diverse elements, so that their mutual relationship
may exhibit more pre-determined quality.
IN THE WORDS OF THEO HAIMANN
Organizing is the process of defining and grouping the activities of the enterprise and
establishing the authority relationships among them. In performing the organizing
function, the manager defines, departmentalizes and assigns activities so that they can
be most effectively executed.
IN THE WORDS OF MOONEY AND RAILEY,
"Organisation is the form of every human association for the attainment of a common
purpose.”
ACCORDING TO JOHN M PFIFFNER AND FRANK P SHERWOOD,
"Organisation is the pattern of ways in which large number of people, too many to
have intimate face-to-face contact with all others, and engaged in a complexity of
tasks, relate themselves to each other in the conscious, systematic establishment and
accomplishment of mutually agreed purposes.”
